1、 Port logistics infrastructure:

Port logistics infrastructure refers to the necessary facilities to complete the most basic functions of port logistics. It generally includes port channel, breakwater, anchorage, wharf, berth 7a686964616fe78988e69d8331333363396463, port traffic and supporting facilities.

1. Port channel: in order to ensure the safety and convenience of ships entering and leaving the port and berthing and departing from the wharf, there must be sufficient water depth and a certain width of channel in the port. It can be natural or it can be excavated manually.

2. Breakwater: a hydraulic structure located at the periphery of the port water area to resist wind and waves and ensure a stable water surface in the port. It is mainly used to meet the requirements of stable water surface and safe and convenient navigation in and out of the port when ships are berthing and loading and unloading. 3. The customs inspection of cargo and berthing in the sea area is safe and safe. It is also called anchorage and anchorage. The water area as anchorage shall be of proper water depth, muddy or sandy bottom material, and sufficient anchorage position (the position required for berthing a ship) so as not to hinder the normal navigation of other ships.

4. Wharf: a hydraulic structure for ships to dock, load and unload goods and tourists. In a broad sense, it also includes the warehouses, storage yards, loading and unloading equipment, railways, roads and so on. The wharf is the main part of the port. Terminals can be divided into cargo terminals and passenger terminals according to their uses. Cargo terminal is divided into general cargo terminal and professional wharf. The general cargo wharf is used for loading and unloading various kinds of general cargo, and the loading and unloading machinery equipped has a greater versatility. Professional terminals are equipped with high-efficiency special machinery and equipment to handle bulk cargo with large volume and stable flow, such as oil terminal, coal terminal, ore terminal, etc. With the development of waterway container transportation, the container terminal is also a special terminal. The container terminal is equipped with quayside container crane and other special machinery, and has a wide storage yard, unpacking and packing warehouse.

5. Berth: refers to the length of shoreline occupied by a designed standard ship type dock or the number of vessels occupied. The berth length generally includes the length L of the ship and the necessary safety interval d between the ships. The value of D varies according to the size of the ship. A 10000 ton berth is 15-20m. The purpose of the berth is for loading and unloading. The number and size of berths is an important indicator to measure the scale of a port or wharf. A wharf may consist of one or more berths, depending on its layout and location.

6. Port traffic and supporting facilities: mainly including port roads, railways and power supply.

Port road is a road for mobile machinery operation, and connected with urban road and port road. The roads in the port are generally arranged in a circular way to facilitate the passage of transport vehicles, and minimize the crossing with railway lines or interference with loading and unloading operations. The railway in the port is a railway transportation line laid inside the port area. It includes lines, locomotives, communications, signals and other buildings and equipment related to railway transportation. Port railway is the main mode of transportation in many ports. A perfect port railway system generally consists of port stations, district stations, wharf and storage yard loading and unloading lines, as well as the main line, connecting line and connecting line of port railway section connecting these parts into a whole. The railway layout in the port area should follow the following principles: the line is short, the layout is compact, the transportation capacity of the line is suitable for the loading and unloading links of the port, and there is certain room for development. Port power supply is a power supply facility set up to meet the power requirements of port power, lighting and communication equipment. It is an important supporting facility in port area.

2、 Operational facilities of the port:

The operational facilities of the port refer to the facilities that provide the production and operation of cargo loading and unloading, storage and other related services at the port terminal, which are mainly divided into loading and unloading production facilities and goods storage facilities. According to the international and domestic practice, these facilities are usually purchased and operated by port operators.

1. Loading and unloading facilities. The loading and unloading facilities mainly refer to the loading and unloading machinery used in the port for the loading and unloading of ships and vehicles and the cargo handling in the port area. The type and quantity of port handling machinery shall be determined according to the type of cargo to be loaded and unloaded, handling capacity and handling technology. Port handling machinery and equipment is an important part of the port system, which can be divided into lifting machinery, handling machine, conveying machinery and all kinds of special loading and unloading machinery.

2. Port storage yard. Port warehouse is the general name of port warehouse, cargo shed and storage yard, which provides port facilities for short-term storage of goods after unloading before loading. It is made up of warehouse and storage yard. As the main distribution place of goods, port storage yard plays the role of reserve, adjustment, sorting and buffer in the process of cargo loading and unloading. The warehouse is mainly used to store goods that are not suitable for sunlight and rain and valuable goods that are easy to be lost. It can be divided into front warehouse and rear warehouse. The front warehouse is used for short-term storage of goods, so as to speed up the turnover of vehicles, ships and goods. The rear warehouse can store goods for a long time to serve the purpose of storage and standby of cargo owners. The freight yard is mainly used to store goods that are not afraid of rain, sun and temperature changes, such as coal, ore, sand and stone bricks and tiles. The goods shed refers to the storage yard with only the roof covered but not covered on all sides for temporary stacking of goods that are not suitable for sunlight and rain.

3、 Port equipment:

1. Lifting machinery

Lifting machinery is mainly a variety of cranes, the port used more gantry crane, portal grab ship unloader, bridge grab

Bucket Unloader, gantry crane and floating crane, etc. Quayside container cranes are mainly used in container terminals.

(1) Portal crane

Because of the door-shaped base (door seat) and named, also known as gantry crane, gantry crane. This kind of crane has long jib and large lifting height

The working speed of the mechanism is fast, so the working range is large and the productivity is high.

(2) Grab ship unloader with gate seat

The special machinery derived from portal crane, also known as portal crane with bucket, is mostly used for unloading bulk cargo in seaport. The structure is similar to the portal crane, but the hopper and belt conveyor system are installed on the gate seat to undertake bulk cargo, and the spreader is grab.

After the grab grabs the bulk cargo from the cabin, it will unload the bulk cargo into the hopper on the portal seat by lifting and luffing, and then transported to the yard by the belt conveyor system.

(3) Bridge grab ship unloader

Special ship unloading machinery with high productivity. The difference between it and gantry grab ship unloader lies in its horizontal moving grab

The bucket is realized by the grab trolley running on the crane bridge track, not by the boom pitch.

(4) Quayside container crane

Special crane for container handling ship. It is arranged at the front of the container terminal, and its shape is similar to that of the bridge type grab ship unloader.

There are many types of quayside container cranes. At present, the door frame is composed of two front and rear door frames and pull rods

The bridge is supported on the gantry.

(5) Gantry crane

Bridge crane with horizontal main beam supported on two rigid legs. The crane trolley runs on the track of the main beam. From the dragon's gate

There are two types of heavy machinery: track type and tire type. The track type moves along the ground track, and the tire type moves flexibly. It is mainly used for loading, unloading and stacking containers.

(6) Floating crane

The jib crane installed on the flat bottom ship or special ship is also called floating crane or crane ship. Because of its large lifting capacity and maneuverability

At the same time, it is not affected by the change of water level, so it is widely used in loading and unloading operations of seaports and river ports.

2. Handling machinery

Handling machinery is some of the horizontal handling and stacking of goods machinery, in the port for loading and unloading, cargo stacking

Yard and short distance horizontal transportation of goods. Loading and unloading machinery includes forklift truck, tractor, straddle carrier, carrier, trailer and flat car, etc.

(1) Fork lift truck

In front of the tire chassis is equipped with a lifting gantry and forklift, referred to as forklift or forklift. It is widely used in wharf, storage yard, cabin and vehicle. When working, the forklift will insert the fork into the pallet, and then lift the fork to lift the goods

Stacking operation.

(2) Straddle carrier

It is also called straddle vehicle, which is composed of door frame, lifting frame with holding fork and tire walking mechanism. Generally by

Internal combustion engine drive. Straddle carrier is suitable for handling and stacking large and large goods such as steel, wood and long box. Electric hoist, referred to as electric hoist, is a kind of light and small lifting equipment. Most electric hoists are controlled by people on the ground with buttons, or in the cab or wired (wireless) remote control.

(3) High mobility large boom loader